309/310 – Pope Eusebius is banished by the Emperor Maxentius to Sicily, where he dies, perhaps from a hunger strike.
1560 – The Catholic Church is overthrown and Protestantism is established as the national religion in Scotland.
1585 – A first group of colonists sent by Sir Walter Raleigh under the charge of Ralph Lane lands in the New World to create Roanoke Colony on Roanoke Island, off the coast of present-day North Carolina.
1798 – Vietnamese Catholics report a Marian apparition in Quảng Trị, an event which is called Our Lady of La Vang.
1807 – Robert Fulton’s North River Steamboat leaves New York City for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.
1862 – American Indian Wars: The Dakota War of 1862 begins in Minnesota as Dakota warriors attack white settlements along the Minnesota River.
1863 – American Civil War: In Charleston, South Carolina, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter.
1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Gainesville: Confederate forces defeat Union troops near Gainesville, Florida.
1915 – A Category 4 hurricane hits Galveston, Texas with winds at 135 miles per hour (217 km/h).
1943 – World War II: The U.S. Eighth Air Force suffers the loss of 60 bomberson the Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission.
1945 – The novella Animal Farm by George Orwell is first published.
1970 – Venera program: Venera 7 launched. It will later become the first spacecraft to successfully transmit data from the surface of another planet. In this case, Venus.
1977 – The Soviet icebreaker Arktika becomes the first surface ship to reach the North Pole.
1978 – Double Eagle II becomes first balloon to cross the Atlantic Ocean when it lands in Miserey, France near Paris, 137 hours after leaving Presque Isle, Maine.
1988 – President of Pakistan Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and U.S. Ambassador Arnold Raphel are killed in a plane crash.
1998 – Lewinsky scandal: President Bill Clinton admits in taped testimony that he had an “improper physical relationship” with White House intern Monica Lewinsky; later that same day he admits before the nation that he “misled people” about the relationship.
2005 – Over 500 bombs are set off by terrorists at 300 locations in 63 out of the 64 districts of Bangladesh
2008 – American swimmer Michael Phelps becomes the first person to win eight gold medals at one Olympic Games.
2017 – Barcelona attacks: A van is driven into pedestrians in La Rambla, killing 14 and injuring at least 100.
Births
1578 – Francesco Albani, Italian painter (d. 1660)
1828 – Jules Bernard Luys, French neurologist and physician (d. 1897)
1887 – Marcus Garvey, Jamaican journalist and activist, founded Black Star Line (d. 1940)
1913 – Mark Felt, American lawyer and agent, 2nd Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (d. 2008) (aka “Deep Throat” during Watergate)
1923 – Larry Rivers, American painter and sculptor (d. 2002)
1943 – Robert De Niro, American actor, entrepreneur, director, and producer
1944 – Larry Ellison, American businessman, co-founded the Oracle Corporation
1952 – Nelson Piquet, Brazilian race car driver and businessman
Deaths
1338 – Nitta Yoshisada, Japanese samurai (b. 1301)
1785 – Jonathan Trumbull, English-American merchant and politician, 16th Governor of Connecticut (b. 1710)
1966 – Ken Miles, English race car driver and engineer (b. 1918)
2013 – John Hollander, American poet and critic (b. 1929)
Edited from various sources including Wikipedia,and other media outlets
from mainstream to extreme.
