February 8
1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al Mansurah. 1575 – Leiden University is founded, and given the motto Praesidium Libertatis Protection of Freedom 1587 – Mary, Queen of Scots, is executed on suspicion of having been involved in the...